Dr. Alok Aggarwal

Current AI Systems Cannot Replace Humans Easily: Their TCO is Enormous

During the last fifteen years, several luminaries have raised the specter of massive job losses due to the advent of contemporary AI systems. Probably, the most influential article was in 2013 by Frey and Osborne, which stated “47% of total US employment is in the high-risk category, meaning that associated occupations are potentially automatable over some unspecified number of years, perhaps in a decade or two” [1]. Since United States will have a working population of around 180 million by 2033, Frey and Osborne’s article implies that around 85 million jobs will be lost within the next eight years. Similarly, about three weeks ago, in an interview with Axios, Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, ominously mentioned that “AI could wipe out half of all entry-level white-collar jobs — and spike unemployment to 10-20% in the next one to five years” [2]. Despite Frey and Osborne’s prognostications, almost no jobs have been lost to AI so far. Nevertheless, such statements have sent ripples through boardrooms of countless organizations as well as within government bodies. Of course, the jobs mentioned by Frey and Osborne as well as those by Amodei may be lost in due course of time, but will they be lost during the next five to eight years or much more?

This article provides evidence that such a massive job loss is unlikely to occur for at least the next decade. It also argues that despite the hype regarding current AI systems, they are still quite rudimentary, their total cost of ownership (TCO) is enormous, and they are getting saturated around 92% (+/- 2%) accuracy level. Indeed, the main thesis of this article is that these characteristics will impede any massive number of job losses during the next ten years in the United States or elsewhere.

This article contains eight sections. Section 1 discusses why organizations are extremely slow in adopting any new technology, thereby restricting the speed of job losses. Section 2 discusses the debilitating effects of the apparent “saturation limit of 92% (+/-2%) accuracy” that is being exhibited by even the most sophisticated, contemporary AI systems. This level of accuracy is one of the main reasons why obtaining a decent return on investment (RoI) remains elusive. Sections 3, 4, and 5 discuss three vast areas where the 92% level of accuracy and the huge total cost of ownership (TCO) will continue to be the main obstacles in replacing human jobs. In contrast, Sections 6 and 7 discuss two major areas where this accuracy is already sufficient for substantial job reduction but won’t lead to massive job losses for at least a decade. Finally, Section 8 concludes with a discussion regarding job losses during the next twenty-five years and why such losses are likely to be humungous but perhaps even beneficial for human society.

1. KPIs of AI Systems and Their Total Cost of Ownership

In almost all situations, organizations change their modus operandi only if there is a specific solution (e.g., technology or process) that improves one of the following key performance indicators (KPIs):

  • Revenue
  • Cost
  • Quality, thereby providing a competitive advantage
  • Timeliness and speed (including time to market)
  • Customer satisfaction and user experience
  • Compliance with regulations (to avoid penalties and public relations disasters).

For example, during the last 40 years, outsourcing of manufacturing and services jobs to China and India occurred because organizations in wealthy countries realized that they could save 35% to 40% in costs and improve timeliness (by having one set of people working in Asian time zones and another in European or American time zones).

Notably, even though outsourcing of manufacturing jobs to lower wage countries from the United States started around 1979, our analysis shows that by 2016, the U.S. had cumulatively lost around 18 million manufacturing jobs due to outsourcing. Similarly, outsourcing of service jobs from the U.S. began around 1995, our analysis shows that until 2016, the U.S. lost only around 12 million such jobs. Hence, job losses due to outsourcing totaled around 30 million, or around 20% of the working population in the U.S. in 2016. And this occurred over a large span of 21 to 37 years. Undoubtedly, if the global economy were frictionless (i.e., if all restraints and regulations associated with the economy were non-existent), almost all the 47% of the jobs predicted by Frey and Osborne would have been already lost via outsourcing within two decades to lower wage countries.

As discussed in the first chapter of [3], given below are a few reasons why organizations often take substantial time to fully integrate even the most vital inventions (e.g., those related to AI):

  • Large capital investment is required: Many inventions need substantial infrastructure improvements and capital infusion. For example, railways required several hundred thousand miles of railroads to be built during the second revolution. Similarly, several million miles of broadband fibers needed to be installed during the third one.
  • Need for obtaining a return on past investment: Often, existing companies have already invested in older technology and want to extract their return on investment before investing in a newer one. For example, many people who bought gasoline (petrol) powered cars recently may not buy new electric vehicles immediately.
  • No urgent need to fix the current process: Organizations usually feel that “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it,” which is the main reason why almost 3% of the global economy still runs on software programs built using COBOL language that is dead and almost impossible to upgrade.
  • Massive resistance to change the current the business model: Often, significant inventions require business models to be changed, which companies loathe to do because they believe, “what got me here will also get me there.” Hence, key inventions often require new firms – generally startups – with new business models to be created and to grow, all of which takes time.
  • Risk aversion: Most companies and consumers are usually risk averse and concerned about being blamed if an invention fails to perform adequately. Hence, they are not prone to adopt a critical innovation unless they have observed it works for others.
  • Need to retrain the workforce: Many inventions require the workforce to be retrained or upskilled. For example, the ability to read, write, and understand user manuals became more important as inventions in the second and third revolutions became common.
  • New government regulations may be required: Frequently, to accommodate a critical invention, government regulations need to change, which is time consuming.
  • Consumers take time to adapt: Innovations often require organizations to modify their client facing processes thereby forcing consumers to adapt, which is time consuming especially for older people.

In addition, large organizations face massive challenges with respect to their internal data, which is often in silos (and hence very hard to access and with no harmonization), extremely “dirty” with missing or wrong elements, and with the same terms having different meanings in different departments. For example, , for the finance department, the number of units sold may mean the total number of non-defective units produced, whereas for the sales department, the number of units sold may mean the actual number of units that produced revenue but not the ones given for “free” in various marketing campaigns.

2. TCO of AI Systems and The Apparent Saturation Accuracy of Contemporary AI Systems

As mentioned in Section 1, organizations change their modus operandi only if there is a specific solution that improves one of the following key performance indicators (KPIs) – (a) revenue, (b) cost, (c) quality, (d) timeliness, and (e) customer satisfaction.

If an organization is currently solving a problem in a specific manner and if a new technique or solution – e.g., an AI-system – can improve one or more of these KPIs then this problem becomes a “use case” for this new technique. Since AI systems run on computational, storage, and networking infrastructure that uses semiconductors, they effectively communicate via electrons. In contrast, human neurons use ions for communication and hence are approximately ten thousand times slower. Hence, AI systems provide better timeliness than humans and recognize patterns much faster.

However, with respect to the other KPIs, AI systems fall short because (a) their total cost of ownership (TCO) is currently very high and (b) their accuracy level has saturated around 92% (+/-2%). These characteristics are further discussed below:

Reasons for high TCO of contemporary AI systems

Traditional software requires regular maintenance, which is often called Software DevOps. This includes performing the following tasks on a regular basis – refactoring of code and deleting portions that are no longer required, streamlining code to make it modular (so that it could be easily understood by other developers), eliminating bugs, and improving testing, user interfaces and Application Programmable Interfaces or APIs (for input and output). On average, annual Software DevOps range between 10% and 20% of the total effort to build traditional software initially. Since AI systems essentially comprise of software, they also require traditional Software DevOps for regular maintenance.

However, to incorporate changes (because of incoming data or other reasons), many AI systems also need repeated re-doing of the pipeline partially or entirely. This includes data gathering, data labelling, AI model training, and repackaging. For example, many Deep Learning Networks (DLNs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are usually updated via the following techniques, which are all quite expensive:

  • Improving data quality and Supervised Learning: Since there is “data drift” over time (i.e., the probability of data distribution changes), cleansing new data and Supervised Learning is often required. In fact, DLNs and LLMs are often trained continuously on new data, allowing them to learn new patterns and relationships, thereby improving their performance over time.
  • Fine-Tuning: Fine-tuning involves retraining the model on a new, smaller dataset to specialize its knowledge for a specific task or domain. This helps the model adapt to new information and improve its performance on specific tasks.
  • Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): RAG is a technique that enhances LLMs by integrating external knowledge sources, such as databases or knowledge graphs, into their responses. This allows LLMs to access and incorporate up-to-date information not contained in its original training data.

Our analysis shows that this process costs three to four times to maintain AI systems than traditional software, which implies that the annual maintenance cost of such systems is likely to range between 30% and 60% of building the first operational (or “in production”) version. Since the maintenance cost of contemporary AI systems is often exorbitant, this hinders a decent return on investment in the long run, thereby making operationalizing the proof of concept unviable.

Unfortunately, this enormous cost of maintaining AI systems is an uncomfortable issue, it is being largely avoided, thereby becoming a “white elephant in the room”. This is mainly because many AI companies are currently flooded with investor cash, and to gain more market share, they are providing AI systems at very cheap prices. In fact, more than 95% of such companies have been loss-making, and those that are profitable (like Palantir) charge exorbitant amounts. However, since the TCO of many such AI systems is enormous, eventually such subsidies will either force the AI hype to go bust or force these unprofitable companies to raise their current prices by a factor of ten, which will make their AI systems totally uncompetitive.

Deep Learning Networks (including Large Language Models) are saturating at 92% (+-2%) accuracy

Undoubtedly, the more accurate an AI system becomes, the fewer humans are required to work on that task. For example, if the job of a data entry person is to transcribe data from a scanned document into a spreadsheet and if an AI system can achieve this goal with the human level of accuracy, then this data entry person is no longer required for manual entry of data. Hence, the eventual aim of AI systems continues to rival or beat humans with respect to accuracy for a given task, thereby making humans more productive and useful elsewhere.

Many creators of AI products currently provide laudatory claims regarding their systems being 99%+ accurate. And this may be true for a limited data set for which they have tested their systems, but experiments show that when tested on a reasonably large dataset, pretty much all trained DLNs and contemporary LLMs seem to “saturate at 92% (+/-2%) accuracy”. This is primarily because these large sets usually have “data with boundary cases” (which is often also called “corner case or edge case data”). In fact, improving this saturation limit of DLNs and LLMs is an active research area, and further information in this regard can be found in [4, 5, 6]. Unfortunately, even if the most accurate LLMs are combined with other AI systems, the overall accuracy of the composite system seems to be only around 92% (+/-2%), thereby almost no advantage (on an average).

Not only do these systems only provide 92% accuracy, they also do not provide any indication as to where they are wrong. This forces the user to check all the output coming from these systems. For example, if a Visual LLM (VLLM) converts a scanned table with 100 cells into an electronic format, then either the user accepts the eight incorrect cells being scattered in the output table or the user must check all 100 cells and determine the eight cells where this VLLM gave an incorrect answer and then fix these eight cells. Such “human in the loop” adds to the total cost of ownership of AI systems. This is starkly different from conventional software, which is rules based and therefore 100% correct (except for it having bugs, occasionally).

Finally, the use of confidence level of DLNs to predict inaccuracies does not work either. This is because DLNs often give wrong answers with 99% confidence. For example, in 2015, researchers at Carnegie Mellon University generated random images by perturbing patterns, and they showed both the original patterns and their mutated copies to previously trained DLNs [7]. And although the perturbed patterns were essentially meaningless, DLNs incorrectly recognized by these with over 99% confidence as a king penguin, starfish, baseball, etc.

3. AI Systems Where Solutions Need to be 99%+ Accurate

This section provides two examples where the output accuracy needs to be 99% and the 92%-accuracy saturation limit makes contemporary AI systems extremely expensive and unaffordable. One such area is Intelligent Document Processing (IDP) and the other is “Knowledge Management” (where precise information is required).

AI systems’ accuracy of 92% is insufficient for Intelligent Document Processing

Current IDP systems use AI to perform various operations, including extracting, capturing, processing, categorizing, and reconciling data from various document formats. Such formats include structured, semi-structured (e.g., forms), as well as unstructured formats (which may be in PDF or scanned files).

Since most organizations around the world have lots of unstructured data, converting it into structured electronic data is critical, according to Grandview Research, IDP’s total global market size was estimated at 2.3 billion dollars in 2024 and is expected to grow to 12.4 billion dollars by 2030 [8]. In fact, the area of IDP is so large that the book, “Intelligent Automation” and the website, “www.scryai.com/use-cases” provide several hundred potential use cases in this area [9, 10]. To illustrate the TCO challenge of using AI solutions for numerous use cases related to IDP, consider the following example of converting invoices (from scanned or PDF formats to a structured format):

Indian companies typically charge 24,000 dollars for converting 100,000 invoices, which come in scanned or PDF formats into a structured one. Typically, each of these invoices have an average of 18 key-value pairs (e.g., name of the vendor, sub-total amount, taxes levied, and total amount) that need to be extracted and reconciled. Before the advent of modern AI systems, these companies used inexpensive Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems to convert paper-based invoices into an electronic format. Such OCR systems used to be around 80% accurate but did not provide any indication as to where they were wrong. Hence, after the OCR conversion, these companies used data analysts to ensure which 80% of the 1.8 million key-value pairs were correct and then fix the 20% that were incorrect. Since checking whether a key-value pair is correct requires around 2 seconds, checking for correctness of all key-value pairs would take 3.6 million seconds, i.e., 1,000 manual hours. Similarly, since correcting a wrong key value pair requires five seconds, this task would take 5 * (20% of 1,800,000) = 1.8 million seconds, i.e., 500 hours. Hence, the analyst spent a total of 1,500 hours, for which the company charged $24,000 (i.e., $16 per hour).

With the advent of improved AI systems, the accuracy of conversion has gone up to 92%. However, since these AI systems still do not provide any indication where the wrong key-value pairs exist, the data analyst would still need to spend 1,000 hours in finding the location of errors. However, this time around, the data analyst needs to only fix 8% of 1.8 million key-value incorrect pairs by spending five seconds each, thereby spending 72,000 seconds or 200 hours. Hence, with the modern AI system, the analyst would spend 1,200 hours and save 300 hours or $4,800 in total (assuming $16 per hour).

Now, the typical cost of using the modern AI system for the above task is around 10 cents per invoice [9], which means a cost of $10,000 for 100,000 invoices and a net loss of $10,000 – $4,800 = $5,200! This implies that rather than saving any money for the company or its client, the total cost of ownership for this AI system (including the cost of data analysts) is substantially more than that in the past.

With respect to saving costs or providing positive return on investment, the above example regarding invoices can be extended to more than a hundred use cases given in [10, 11], thereby making current AI systems for IDP essentially useless. Of course, TCO for AI systems would be substantially different if they also provided locations where they believed they were correct (and indeed they were correct). However, as mentioned in Section 3, this does not seem to be possible with the current AI systems.

Accuracy of 92% is insufficient for knowledge management systems that need to be precise

Internal data of most organizations is stored in unstructured documents that usually contain the following objects:

  • Text containing one or more columns, bullets, headings, etc.
  • Tables
  • Graphs and charts
  • Infographics (including check boxes, radio buttons, horizontal and vertical line-segments, etc.)
  • Signatures and handwritten text

Even though LLMs and GPTs are trained on half a billion to a billion pages or more, at most 5% of this training data is related to objects other than text. Hence, these LLMs are unable to provide precise answers when they are asked questions regarding documents containing such objects (e.g., tables). For example, if a question requires a precise answer (e.g., how many employees were on maternity leave last month) then since the LLM is correct only 92% of the time, the user is forced to check all the underlying data, thereby increasing manual labor markedly.

Finally, the above-mentioned use cases require the output to be 99%+ correct. However, Sections 5 and 6 provide a plethora of use cases where even 85% accuracy of AI systems improves the KPIs mentioned in Section 2, thereby improving the return on investment for the end client.

4. The 92%-Accuracy Saturation Limit Often Results in Useless AI Agents

AI Agents are AI systems that interact with the world to perform specific tasks independently or semi-independently. Many organizations are trying to deploy these agents to execute complex tasks. But because of the apparent 92%-accuracy (+/-2%) saturation limit of the underlying AI systems, if a complex task is composed of several AI agents, this may lead to a very poor accuracy of the entire system and in some cases, the system may not be even able to finish the task.

For example, consider a complex task that comprises of ten jobs, which need to be executed by ten AI Agents that are configured in a single pipeline. Since each has 92% accuracy and since they are in a pipeline, the total accuracy of the system will be (0.92)10 , which implies that the entire solution will only have an accuracy of around 44%. This in turn implies that entire AI-based solution may not be able to finish most of the jobs, thereby requiring the data analyst (or “human in the loop”) to do most of the work. Hence, the TCO of the entire solution will become unaffordable.

In fact, such a hypothetical scenario was recently confirmed by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, who staffed a fake software company with AI Agents [12]. This simulation called The Agent Company was provided with only artificial workers from Google AI, Amazon AI, Anthropic and Meta AI. To see how this simulation coped in a real-world environment, researchers provided tasks that were similar to the daily tasks in a real software company. For example, they navigated through file directories, virtually toured new office spaces, and wrote performance reviews.

The best-performing model was Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet, which finished only 24% of the jobs assigned to it. And even this turned out to be astronomically expensive, averaging nearly 30 steps at a cost of six dollars per task. Google’s Gemini 2.0 Flash was the second highest. It took an average of 40 steps per finished task and had a success rate of 11.4% for finishing tasks. And the worst AI agent was Amazon’s Nova Pro v1, which took an average of 20 steps and finished only 1.7% of its assignments.

Interestingly, hallucinations and self-deception also occurred in The Agent Company. For example, according to [12], “during the execution of one task, the agent cannot find the right person to ask questions on [company chat]. As a result, it then decides to create a shortcut solution by renaming another user to the name of the intended user.”

In summary, because of the 92%-accuracy limit, AI agents can do small and restricted tasks reasonably well but achieving accuracy for complex tasks remains elusive.

5. AI Systems Are Unable to Improve KPI Metrics When Their Output Directly Affects Humans

92%-accuracy of AI systems is also a limiting factor when humans are directly involved, and hence they are usually unable to improve KPI metrics earlier. Given below are a few examples; other examples can be found in [3] and [13]:

  • Healthcare: For patients to trust AI-based healthcare systems (without healthcare workers being involved), these systems will have to provide 99%+ accuracy. Also, the issue of malpractice insurance for such AI systems needs to be incorporated, which may significantly increase the cost of such systems.
  • Product Safety: Similarly, products that are used on a stand-alone basis and that can directly affect human lives need to have AI systems with 99%+ accuracy. And just like healthcare, the issue of product insurance for AI systems needs to be incorporated, thereby increasing the corresponding cost.
  • Criminal justice system: If AI-systems are used to calculate the likelihood that someone will commit another crime and if these AI systems are not 99%+ accurate judges must proceed with caution when using such risk assessments, and these cannot be used to determine whether an offender is incarcerated or to determine the severity of the sentence.
  • Recruitment: Even though humans err quite often while recruiting others, if an AI system is deficient then it can cause a public relations fiasco and may even lead to a lawsuit alleging discrimination or other improprieties.
  • Military and Defense: If lethal autonomous weapons systems were programmed to attack targets without requiring data connectivity between the operator and the munition and if these systems are imperfect then they may threaten the fundamental right to life and principle of human dignity”

6. TCO of AI Systems When 92% Accuracy is Good Enough

There are at least two hundred use cases where 92% (or even less) accuracy of AI systems is sufficient to improve the KPIs given earlier. Since most of these use cases are related to individuals trying to improve their productivity and cost, they are not discussed in this article, whereas those related to organizations are discussed below.

TCO of AI systems for organizations where 92% accuracy is sufficient

Employees in organizations are using AI and Generative AI (including LLMs) in the following broad categories:

  • Learning, education, and help with daily tasks: These use cases include enhanced learning, writing emails and adjusting their tone, writing letters (e.g., recommendation letters), writing appraisals, organizing brain dumps, cleaning notes, summarizing meeting notes, and language translation.
  • Low level software coding and quality assurance: These use cases include generating and improving low-level software code, fixing technical bugs, and providing quality assurance.
  • Creating marketing and sales collateral: These use cases include improving marketing and sales related collateral, writing blog posts, systematizing social media, and creating specific marketing or sales collateral for specific groups of customers and potential customers.
  • Search, research and fact checking: These use cases include research in strategy departments, marketing departments, intellectual property departments, and many other departments. And although the answers may be correct only around 90% of the time, it is better than the current alternative of users sifting through all the organization’s data manually.
  • Answering queries from customers: These use cases include customers asking questions from contact center agents and resolving their issues. Since the answers from AI systems are correct at most 90% of the time, companies like Klarna who tried to answer all questions by only using such systems – with no humans – have generally failed [14]. On the other hand, many organizations are deploying AI systems to provide answers to contact center agents who check accuracy and then provide the correct answers to their customers. In such cases, organizations are witnessing a good return on investment because they usually end up using only 40% of their current customer-center representatives.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, around 161.4 million people were working in 2024 in approximately 600 different occupations [15]. Our analysis shows that among these 600 categories, there were around 7.6 million, i.e., around 4.7% (of all working people in the U.S.). If contemporary AI systems are used, then instead of humans doing all the work, only 40% to 50% may be required for these 7.6 million jobs. Hence, if 55% of these jobs are lost during the next five years, the total number of jobs lost will be around 4.2 million (i.e., around 2.6% of entire workforce in the U.S. in 2024). Of course, since the working population in the U.S. will be higher in 2030, this implies that on average, around 0.5% of the entire workforce will lose jobs every year. Hence, this analysis clearly contradicts Amodei’s claim that “AI could wipe out half of all entry-level white-collar jobs — and spike unemployment to 10-20% in the next one to five years” [2]. Indeed, not only will the job loss be limited but also most such people are likely to end up doing higher-end or different kinds of work in the same or similar organizations. For example, entry level programmers learning quickly (using AI systems) and may end up gathering requirements or creating preliminary information technology architecture for their projects. Finally, a more extensive discussion regarding the effects of LLMs and Generative AI in displacing the kind of jobs mentioned above will be discussed in a subsequent article [16].

7. TCO of AI Systems When Used in Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Decision Support Systems are computer programs that help organizations and individuals in making better decisions by analyzing large amounts of data and incorporating numerous variables. In fact, the amount of data is often so large and the number of variables so huge that without such systems, most organizations either do not attempt to solve the corresponding problem or do so by taking a random sample of data (thereby missing many key insights). Since AI systems usually provide pattern recognition much faster, even with 92% accuracy, these systems often help organizations by analyzing all the data (instead of only a random subset), thereby providing a higher return on investment. Given below is a use case that illustrates this point further.

If employees travel for work-related purposes, most organizations reimburse them for the cost of their airfare, taxi fare, food, hotel, and other travel related expenses. However, because of governmental restrictions and those imposed by these organizations, some items are non-reimbursable.

For getting their reimbursements, employees fill reimbursement forms (detailing their expenses) and provide receipts, invoices, and bills to justify them. In many organizations (e.g., consulting companies), since travel is an integral part of employees’ work, the number of reimbursement forms and receipts is usually so large that the manual cost of verifying each form and each receipt is prohibitive. Hence, compliance departments usually choose some forms randomly and determine whether all restrictions are being met. Unfortunately, in doing so, they end up missing many forms that are non-compliant, thereby causing the organization to lose money and potentially be non-compliant (with respect to government regulations). And the consequences of non-compliance can range from potential penalties from the government (especially during audits) to reputational damage and financial impairment.

Although there is no specific data regarding the percentage of non-compliant forms, a common belief within organizations is that around 2% are non-compliant. Given this backdrop, if all the travel reimbursement forms and the corresponding receipts are processed by an AI-based DSS then this system is likely to capture 92% of all non-compliant forms. Since the forms output by the AI-based DSS is around 92% * 2% (i.e., 1.84%) of all submitted forms, the compliance department needs to only check these forms and ensure that they are indeed non-compliant. Of course, the AI-based system may have missed around 8% * 2% (i.e., around 0.16%) of all forms that are also non-compliant, but because it has captured most of them, it has improved compliance by more than 90%. Also, it has saved money for the organization and avoided potential penalties (from the government).

Notably, since the data is so vast and the number of variables so large, for many DSS, 92%-accuracy of AI systems is sufficient to improve the outputs of the corresponding DSS. Hence, currently there are more than two thousand use cases where AI systems are being used. And despite the hype about Generative AI and its use cases, AI systems that improve DSS provide significantly better KPI metrics mentioned in Section 1, thereby providing a higher return on investment. Finally, even though there are more than 2,000 use cases of contemporary DSS that use AI-systems, usually such DSS do not displace human jobs. In fact, since they often increase revenue or decrease cost, organizations often hire additional employees to improve their systems, processes, and products.

8. Discussion

Since the seminal paper by Frey and Osborne in 2013 [1], people have been dreadful of losing jobs due to AI. But as discussed above, very few jobs have been lost so far, and very few will be lost during the next 5-8 years. This is because for AI systems to displace humans, they must be cheaper, better, and faster. And although they are faster than humans because they transmit via electrons whereas humans transmit via ions, they are generally inferior both with respect to cost and accuracy. Hence, Sections 3, 4, and 5 provided use cases where these AI systems currently have a huge TCO (total cost of ownership) and hence unviable economically. On the other hand, Sections 6 and 7 provide use cases where current AI systems are sufficient to provide a high RoI (return on investment). These five sections are summarized below:

  • AI systems’ accuracy of 92% is insufficient for Intelligent Document Processing (IDP): In most use cases related to IDP, the end client usually demands a 99% accuracy. However, since AI systems cannot provide this level of accuracy, humans must review all the documents, thereby making the TCO of such AI systems unviable.
  • The 92%-accuracy saturation limit often results in useless AI Agents: Because of the 92%-accuracy (+/-2%) saturation limit of the underlying AI systems, if a complex task is composed of several AI agents, this may lead to a very poor accuracy of the entire system. And in some cases, the system may not be even able to finish the task.
  • AI systems are unable to improve KPI metrics when their output directly affects humans: Since AI systems are only 92% (+/-2%) accurate and since many use cases that directly involve humans (e.g., healthcare and criminal justice systems) require close to 100% accuracy, these systems provide very poor return on investment.
  • TCO of AI systems for organizations where 92% accuracy is sufficient: These use cases include (a) learning, education, and help with daily tasks, (b) low level software coding and quality assurance, (c) creating marketing and sales collateral, (d) search, research and fact checking, and (e) answering queries from customers.
  • TCO of AI systems when used in Decision Support Systems (DSS): Since DSS usually work with large amounts of data and numerous variables, even with 92% (+/- 2%) accuracy, AI systems help organizations in analyzing all the data (instead of only a random subset), thereby providing a higher return on investment.
Predictions regarding AI systems by 2050 and their implications

For the last decade, a gigantic amount of investment and intellectual capital has been going into AI research and development. If this continues, it is quite likely that there will be a breakthrough within the next 10-15 years, which will allow the new AI systems to breach the 92% (+/-2%) accuracy barrier. In fact, it won’t be surprising if such AI systems achieve or surpass human level accuracy. And in such a case, a massive number of jobs will be displaced. Given this backdrop, Chapter 16 in [3] discusses the following colossal shifts due to AI and other factors (during 2025-2050):

Increase in labor supply by 2050: The global working population will increase from 3.2 billion in 2021 to 3.9 billion in 2050 and hence to maintain the status quo, an additional 700 million jobs need to be created.

Increase in labor demand by 2050: Demand for human labor will be governed by the following monumental factors:

  • Aging and slowly growing population: Around 75 million healthcare workers globally will be required by 2050 because of the aging population.
  • Loss of jobs due to Data Science, AI, and automation: Approximately 395 million jobs are likely to be lost due to AI, Robotics, and automation by 2050.
  • Jobs created due to Data Science, AI, and automation: About 135 million jobs in Data Science, AI and Robotics are likely to be created by 2050.
  • Emergence of a new industry of data labelers and annotators: Approximately 15 million jobs will be created in this newly emerging industry of data analysts.
  • Jobs created while combatting climate change: Almost 360 million jobs may be required if the world spends 40 trillion Dollars (i.e., 0.5% of its annual GDP) by 2050 to steadfastly battle climate change.
  • Jobs created in six emerging economies to upgrade their infrastructure: During 2025-2050, emerging countries are expected to grow at 6% annually. If they invest 2% of their GDP in improving their current infrastructure, at least 725 million jobs will be created by 2050.
  • The fourth industrial revolution is likely to foster new industries: It is quite likely that additional key inventions will emerge during the current and fourth industrial revolution that will lead to entirely new industries (e.g., flying vehicles). However, such inventions and novel technologies are hard to predict at this time.

In short, if human society decides to combat climate change on a war footing, it is quite likely that 1,310 million new jobs will be created by 2050 whereas 395 million jobs will be lost. Hence, the number of jobs created in the current industrial revolution may exceed those that will be lost by almost 915 million but there will be only 700 million new workers available in the market (by 2050). And this will imply more reliance on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, automation, and other key inventions of the current industrial revolution. In summary, the above discussion implies that we as humans may be working harder in 2050 than we are currently, which is contrary to the views held in the contemporary media. Finally, since these estimates are for the next 25 years, most of these numbers should only be considered from a qualitative perspective.

About the Author

Dr. Alok Aggarwal received his PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from Johns Hopkins University and worked at IBM Watson Research Center during 1984 and 2000. During 1989-90, he taught at MIT and advised two PhD students and during 1998-2000, he founded IBM India Research Lab. and grew it to 60 researchers. He co-founded Evalueserve (www.evalueserve.com) in 2000 and was its chairman until 2013; this company provides research and analytics services worldwide and has 4,500 employees. In 2014, Dr. Aggarwal founded Scry Analytics (www.scryai.com). Scry AI is a research and development company that uses AI and Data Science to help its clients in solving complex and extremely laborious problems. Scry AI has developed more than 60 proprietary AI-based models and algorithms which constitute its CognitiveBricks platform of innovative business solutions. Scry AI’s family of enterprise solutions include: Collatio (an Intelligent Document Processing factory with unparalleled accuracy for reconciling unstructured and structured data), Auriga (for knowledge management on organizations’ internal and external data), Concentio (for providing actionable insights using Internet of Things’ data), Vigilo (for predicting operational and marketing risks), and Datatio (for extracting data lineage as data flows through disparate systems).

References:
  1. C. B. Frey and M. A. Osborne, “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?”, Report, Oxford University, Sept. 2013. See: https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf
  2. J. Vandehei and M. Allen, “Behind the Curtain: A white-collar bloodbath,” Technology, Axios, May 28, 2025. See: https://www.axios.com/2025/05/28/ai-jobs-white-collar-unemployment-anthropic
  3. A. Aggarwal, The Fourth Industrial Revolution and 100 Years of AI (1950-2050), PlugandPlayPublishing.com, Dec. 08, 2023. ISBN: 979-8-8709-1660-6. See: https://www.amazon.com/Fourth-Industrial-Revolution-Years-1950-2050/dp/B0CPQLQ7LL
  4. I. Ivanov and D. Valkov, “Resurrecting saturated LLM benchmarks with adversarial encoding”, Arxiv, Feb. 10, 2025. See: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06738v1.
  5. C. Wu and R. Tang, “Performance Law of Large Language Models,” Arxiv. Feb. 2024. See: https://arXiv.org/abs/2408.09895v1
  6. J. Fodor, “Line Goes Up? Inherent Limitations of Benchmarks For Evaluating Large Language Models.” See: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14318v1
  7. A. Nguyen, J. Yosinski, and J. Clune, “Deep Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable Images”, arXiv:1412.1897, Dec. 2014. See: https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1897
  8. Grandview Research, “Intelligent Document Processing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Component (Solution, Services), By Technology (ML, NLP), By Deployment, By Organization Size, By End-use (Manufacturing, Retail), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2025 – 2030”, Report ID: GVR-4-68040-023-3 See: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/intelligent-document-processing-marketreport
  9. See: https://cloud.google.com/document-ai/pricing. Invoice parser from Google ‘s Document-AI at 10 cents for each invoice conversion.
  10. P. Bornet, I.Barkin and J. Wirtz, Intelligent Automation, ISBN 979-8-6918-1923-0. Oct. 2020. See: https://intelligentautomationbook.com/
  11. https://www.scryai.com/use-cases
  12. F. F. Xu, Y. Song, B. Li, et al. “TheAgentCompany: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Consequential Real-World Tasks”, Arxiv, May 19, 2025. See: https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.14161
  13. A. Narayan and S. Kapoor, AI Snake Oil: What Artificial Intelligence Can Do, What It Can’t, and How to Tell the Difference, Princeton University, ISBN: 978-0-691-24913-1, 2024. See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_Snake_Oil
  14. R. Dobkin, “Klarna’s AI replaced 700 workers. It now wants some of them back to improve customer service”, article, Independent, May 22, 2025. See: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/klarna-ceo-sebastian-siemiatkowski-ai-job-cutshiring-b2755580.html
  15. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. See: https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm
  16. A. Aggarwal, “The effect of LLMs and Generative AI in Displacing Jobs During 2025 – 2030”, article to be published, July 31, 2025.

Blog Written by

Dr. Alok Aggarwal

CEO, Chief Data Scientist at Scry AI
Author of the book The Fourth Industrial Revolution
and 100 Years of AI (1950-2050)

Privacy Policy


At Scry Analytics Inc ("us", "we", "our" or the "Company") we value your privacy and the importance of safeguarding your data. This Privacy Policy (the "Policy") describes our privacy practices for the activities set out below. As per your rights, we inform you how we collect, store, access, and otherwise process information relating to individuals. In this Policy, personal data (“Personal Data”) refers to any information that on its own, or in combination with other available information, can identify an individual.

We are committed to protecting your privacy in accordance with the highest level of privacy regulation. As such, we follow the obligations under the below regulations:

  • Canada's Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) and the applicable provincial legislations
  • the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
  • Brazil’s Data Protection Legislation (LGPD)
  • California's Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) / California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) and California Online Privacy Protection Act (CalOPPA)
  • Colorado Privacy Act (CPA)
  • Utah Consumer Privacy Act (UCPA)
  • Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA)
  • Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA)
  • South Africa’s Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA)

Scope


This policy applies to the Scry Analytics, Inc. websites, domains, applications, services, and products.

This Policy does not apply to third-party applications, websites, products, services or platforms that may be accessed through (non-) links that we may provide to you. These sites are owned and operated independently from us, and they have their own separate privacy and data collection practices. Any Personal Data that you provide to these websites will be governed by the third-party’s own privacy policy. We cannot accept liability for the actions or policies of these independent sites, and we are not responsible for the content or privacy practices of such sites.

Processing Activities


This Policy applies when you interact with us by doing any of the following:

  • Make use of our application and services as an authorized user
  • Visit any of our websites that link to this Privacy Statement
  • Receive any communication from us including newsletters, emails, calls, or texts / SMS

Personal Data We Collect


What Personal Data We Collect

When attempt to contact us or make a purchase, we collect the following types of Personal Data:

This includes:

Account Information such as your name, email address, and password

How We Collect Your Personal Data


  • We collect Personal Data which includes Personal Data you provide, for example, when you:
  • Create an account or purchase products on our website;
  • Use our products or services;
  • Express interest in our products or services;
  • Subscribe to our newsletter;
  • Complete a voluntary market research survey;
  • Contact us with an inquiry or to report a problem (by phone, email, social media, or messaging service);
  • When you log in to our website via social media;

Automated technologies or interactions: As you interact with our website, we may automatically collect the following types of data (all as described above): Device Data about your equipment, Usage Data about your browsing actions and patterns, and Contact Data where tasks carried out via our website remain uncompleted, such as incomplete orders or abandoned baskets. We collect this data by using cookies, server logs and other similar technologies. Please see our Cookie section (below) for further details.

If you provide us, or our service providers, with any Personal Data relating to other individuals, you represent that you have the authority to do so and acknowledge that it will be used in accordance with this Policy. If you believe that your Personal Data has been provided to us improperly, or to otherwise exercise your rights relating to your Personal Data, please contact us by using the information set out in the “Contact us” section below.

Device and Usage Data


When you visit a Scry Analytics, Inc. website, we automatically collect and store information about your visit using browser cookies (files which are sent by us to your computer), or similar technology. You can instruct your browser to refuse all cookies or to indicate when a cookie is being sent. The Help Feature on most browsers will provide information on how to accept cookies, disable cookies or to notify you when receiving a new cookie. If you do not accept cookies, you may not be able to use some features of our Service and we recommend that you leave them turned on.

We also process information when you use our services and products. This information may include:

  • Device IDs
  • Login information
  • IP Address
  • Time stamps
  • Authentication records
  • Location information
  • Individual Products you view
  • Web terms or searches that led you to the site
  • Time zone
  • Other operational data.
  • Data we collect from third parties

We may receive your Personal Data from third parties such as companies subscribing to Scry Analytics, Inc. services, partners and other sources. This Personal Data is not collected by us but by a third party and is subject to the relevant third party’s own separate privacy and data collection policies. We do not have any control or input on how your Personal Data is handled by third parties. As always, you have the right to review and rectify this information. If you have any questions you should first contact the relevant third party for further information about your Personal Data.

Our websites and services may contain links to other websites, applications and services maintained by third parties. The information practices of such other services, or of social media networks that host our branded social media pages, are governed by third parties’ privacy statements, which you should review to better understand those third parties’ privacy practices.

Purpose and Legal Basis for the Processing of Personal Data


We collect and use your Personal Data with your consent to provide, maintain, and develop our products and services and understand how to improve them.

These purposes include:

  • To deliver your product or service
  • Building a Safe and Secure Environment
  • To verify or authenticate your identity; and
  • Investigate and prevent security incidents such as breaches, attacks and hacks
  • Providing, Developing, and Improving our Products and Services
  • Deliver, maintain, debug and improve our products and services.
  • Enable you to access Scry Analytics, Inc. services and set up accounts.
  • Provide you with technical and customer support
  • Organize and Deliver Advertising and Marketing
  • Send you newsletters and other marketing communications about current and future products, programs and services, events, competitions, surveys and promotions held by us or hosted on our behalf; and
  • Organize events or register attendees and schedule meetings for events.
  • For research and development
  • To communicate with you about the Products and Services

Where we process your Personal Data to provide a product or service, we do so because it is necessary to perform contractual obligations. All of the above processing is necessary in our legitimate interests to provide products and services and to maintain our relationship with you and to protect our business for example against fraud. Consent will be required to initiate services with you. New consent will be required if any changes are made to the type of data collected. Within our contract, if you fail to provide consent, some services may not be available to you.

Where possible, we store and process data on servers within the general geographical region where you reside (note: this may not be within the country in which you reside). Your Personal Data may also be transferred to, and maintained on, servers residing outside of your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data laws may differ from those in your jurisdiction. We will take appropriate steps to ensure that your Personal Data is treated securely and in accordance with this Policy as well as applicable data protection law.Data may be kept in other countries that are considered adequate under your laws.

Sharing and Disclosure


We will share your Personal Data with third parties only in the ways set out in this Policy or set out at the point when the Personal Data is collected.

We also use Google Analytics to help us understand how our customers use the site. You can read more about how Google uses your Personal Data here: Google Privacy Policy

You can also opt-out of Google Analytics here: https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout

Legal Requirement


We may use or disclose your Personal Data in order to comply with a legal obligation, in connection with a request from a public or government authority, or in connection with court or tribunal proceedings, to prevent loss of life or injury, or to protect our rights or property. Where possible and practical to do so, we will tell you in advance of such disclosure.

Service Providers and Other Third Parties


We may use a third party service provider, independent contractors, agencies, or consultants to deliver and help us improve our products and services. We may share your Personal Data with marketing agencies, database service providers, backup and disaster recovery service providers, email service providers and others but only to maintain and improve our products and services. For further information on the recipients of your Personal Data, please contact us by using the information in the “Contacting us” section below.

What are Cookies?


A cookie is a small file with information that your browser stores on your device. Information in this file is typically shared with the owner of the site in addition to potential partners and third parties to that business. The collection of this information may be used in the function of the site and/or to improve your experience.

How we use cookies?


To give you the best experience possible, we use the following types of cookies: Strictly Necessary. As a web application, we require certain necessary cookies to run our service.

Preference


We use preference cookies to help us remember the way you like to use our service. Some cookies are used to personalize content and present you with a tailored experience. For example, location could be used to give you services and offers in your area. Analytics. We collect analytics about the types of people who visit our site to improve our service and product.

How to control your cookies?


So long as the cookie is not strictly necessary, you may opt in or out of cookie use at any time. To alter the way in which we collect information from you, visit our Cookie Manager.

Cookies


A cookie is a small file with information that your browser stores on your device. Information in this file is typically shared with the owner of the site in addition to potential partners and third parties to that business. The collection of this information may be used in the function of the site and/or to improve your experience.

How we use cookies?


  • To give you the best experience possible, we use the following types of cookies:
  • Strictly Necessary. As a web application, we require certain necessary cookies to run our service.
  • Preference.
    1. We use preference cookies to help us remember the way you like to use our service.
    2. Some cookies are used to personalize content and present you with a tailored experience. For example, location could be used to give you services and offers in your area.
  • Analytics. We collect analytics about the types of people who visit our site to improve our service and product.

How to control your cookies?


So long as the cookie is not strictly necessary, you may opt in or out of cookie use at any time. To alter the way in which we collect information from you, visit our Cookie Manager.

Retention & Deletion


We will only retain your Personal Data for as long as necessary for the purpose for which that data was collected and to the extent required by applicable law. When we no longer need Personal Data, we will remove it from our systems and/or take steps to anonymize it.

Merger or Acquisition


If we are involved in a merger, acquisition or asset sale, your personal information may be transferred. We will provide notice before your personal information is transferred and becomes subject to a different Privacy Policy. Under certain circumstances, we may be required to disclose your personal information if required to do so by law or in response to valid requests by public authorities (e.g. a court or a government agency).

How We Keep Your Data Safe


We have appropriate organizational safeguards and security measures in place to protect your Personal Data from being accidentally lost, used or accessed in an unauthorized way, altered or disclosed. The communication between your browser and our website uses a secure encrypted connection wherever your Personal Data is involved. We require any third party who is contracted to process your Personal Data on our behalf to have security measures in place to protect your data and to treat such data in accordance with the law. In the unfortunate event of a Personal Data breach, we will notify you and any applicable regulator when we are legally required to do so.

Children’s Privacy


We do not knowingly collect Personal Data from children under the age of 18 Years.

Your Rights for Your Personal Data


Depending on your geographical location and citizenship, your rights are subject to local data privacy regulations. These rights may include:

Right to Access (PIPEDA, GDPR Article 15, CCPA/CPRA, CPA, VCDPA, CTDPA, UCPA, LGPD, POPIA)

You have the right to learn whether we are processing your Personal Data and to request a copy of the Personal Data we are processing about you.

Right to Rectification (PIPEDA, GDPR Article 16, CPRA, CPA, VCDPA, CTDPA, LGPD, POPIA)

You have the right to have incomplete or inaccurate Personal Data that we process about you rectified.

Right to be Forgotten (right to erasure) (GDPR Article 17, CCPA/CPRA, CPA, VCDPA, CTDPA, UCPA, LGPD, POPIA)

You have the right to request that we delete Personal Data that we process about you, unless we need to retain such data in order to comply with a legal obligation or to establish, exercise or defend legal claims.

Right to Restriction of Processing (GDPR Article 18, LGPD)

You have the right to restrict our processing of your Personal Data under certain circumstances. In this case, we will not process your Data for any purpose other than storing it.

Right to Portability (PIPEDA, GDPR Article 20, LGPD)

You have the right to obtain Personal Data we hold about you, in a structured, electronic format, and to transmit such Personal Data to another data controller, where this is (a) Personal Data which you have provided to us, and (b) if we are processing that data on the basis of your consent or to perform a contract with you or the third party that subscribes to services.

Right to Opt Out (CPRA, CPA, VCDPA, CTDPA, UCPA)

You have the right to opt out of the processing of your Personal Data for purposes of: (1) Targeted advertising; (2) The sale of Personal Data; and/or (3) Profiling in furtherance of decisions that produce legal or similarly significant effects concerning you. Under CPRA, you have the right to opt out of the sharing of your Personal Data to third parties and our use and disclosure of your Sensitive Personal Data to uses necessary to provide the products and services reasonably expected by you.

Right to Objection (GDPR Article 21, LGPD, POPIA)

Where the legal justification for our processing of your Personal Data is our legitimate interest, you have the right to object to such processing on grounds relating to your particular situation. We will abide by your request unless we have compelling legitimate grounds for processing which override your interests and rights, or if we need to continue to process the Personal Data for the establishment, exercise or defense of a legal claim.

Nondiscrimination and nonretaliation (CCPA/CPRA, CPA, VCDPA, CTDPA, UCPA)

You have the right not to be denied service or have an altered experience for exercising your rights.

File an Appeal (CPA, VCDPA, CTDPA)

You have the right to file an appeal based on our response to you exercising any of these rights. In the event you disagree with how we resolved the appeal, you have the right to contact the attorney general located here:

If you are based in Colorado, please visit this website to file a complaint. If you are based in Virginia, please visit this website to file a complaint. If you are based in Connecticut, please visit this website to file a complaint.

File a Complaint (GDPR Article 77, LGPD, POPIA)

You have the right to bring a claim before their competent data protection authority. If you are based in the EEA, please visit this website (http://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/article29/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=50061) for a list of local data protection authorities.

Withdrawing Consent


If you have consented to our processing of your Personal Data, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time, free of charge, such as where you wish to opt out from marketing messages that you receive from us. If you wish to withdraw your consent, please contact us using the information found at the bottom of this page.

How to Exercise Your Rights


You can make a request to exercise any of these rights in relation to your Personal Data by sending the request to our privacy team by using the form below.
For your own privacy and security, at our discretion, we may require you to prove your identity before providing the requested information.

Changes


We may modify this Policy at any time. If we make changes to this Policy then we will post an updated version of this Policy at this website. When using our services, you will be asked to review and accept our Privacy Policy. In this manner, we may record your acceptance and notify you of any future changes to this Policy.

Contact Us


To request a copy for your information, unsubscribe from our email list, request for your data to be deleted, or ask a question about your data privacy, we've made the process simple:

Email us

Terms and Conditions


Our aim is to keep this Agreement as readable as possible, but in some cases for legal reasons, some of the language is required "legalese".

Your Acceptance of This Agreement


These terms of service are entered into by and between You and Scry Analytics, Inc., ("Company," "we," "our," or "us"). The following terms and conditions, together with any documents they expressly incorporate by reference (collectively "Terms of Service"), govern your access to and use of www.scryai.com, including any content, functionality, and services offered on or through www.scryai.com (the "Website").

Please read the Terms of Service carefully before you start to use the Website.

By using the Website [or by clicking to accept or agree to the Terms of Service when this option is made available to you], you accept and agree to be bound and abide by these Terms of Service and our Privacy Policy, found at Privacy Policy, incorporated herein by reference. If you do not want to agree to these Terms of Service, you must not access or use the Website.

By accessing and using this website, You accept and:


Accept and agree to be bound and comply with these terms of service. You represent and warrant that you are the legal age of majority under applicable law to form a binding contract with us and, you agree if you access the website from a jurisdiction where it is not permitted, you do so at your own risk.

Updates to Terms of Service


We may revise and update these Terms of Service from time to time in our sole discretion. All changes are effective immediately when we post them and apply to all access to and use of the Website thereafter.

Continuing to use the Website following the posting of revised Terms of Service means that you accept and agree to the changes. You are expected to check this page each time you access this Website so you are aware of any changes, as they are binding on you.

Your Responsibilities


You are required to ensure that all persons who access the Website are aware of this Agreement and comply with it. It is a condition of your use of the Website that all the information you provide on the Website is correct, current, and complete.

You are solely and entirely responsible for your use of the website and your computer, internet and data security.

Prohibited Activities


You may use the Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Service. You agree not to use the Website:

  • In any way that violates any applicable federal, state, local or international law or regulation (including, without limitation, any laws regarding the exports of data software to and from the U.S. or other countries).
  • For the purpose of exploiting, harming, or attempting to exploit or harm minors in any way by exposing them to inappropriate content, asking for personally identifiable information or otherwise.
  • To send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use, or re-use any material that does not comply with the Submission Standards set out in these Terms of Service.
  • To transmit, or procure the sending of, any advertising or promotional material, including any "junk mail," "chain letter," "spam," or any other similar solicitation.
  • To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user, or any other persona or entity (including, without limitation, by using email addresses associated with any of the foregoing).
  • To engage in any other conduct that restricts or inhibits anyone's use or enjoyment of the website, or which as determined by us, may harm the Company or users of the website, or expose them to liability.

Additionally, you agree not to:


  • Use the Website in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, or impair the site or interfere with any other party's use of the Website, including their ability to engage in real-time activities through the Website.
  • Use any robot, spider, or other automatic device, process, or means to access the Website for any purpose, including monitoring or copying any of the material on the Website.
  • Use any manual process to monitor or copy any of the material on the Website, or for any other purpose not expressly authorized in these Terms of Service, without our prior written consent.
  • Use any device, software, or routine that interferes with the proper working of the Website.
  • Introduce any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, or other material that is malicious or technologically harmful.
  • Attempt to gain unauthorized access to, interfere with, damage, or disrupt any parts of the Website, the server on which the Website is stored, or any server, computer, or database connected to the Website.
  • Attack the Website via a denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of-service attack.
  • Otherwise attempting to interfere with the proper working of the Website.

Intellectual Property Rights


The Website and its entire contents, features, and functionality (including but not limited to all information, software, text, displays, images, video, and audio, and the design, selection, and arrangement thereof) are owned by the Company, its licensors, or other providers of such material and are protected by United States and international copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, and other intellectual property or proprietary rights laws.

These Terms of Service permit you to use the Website for your personal, non-commercial use only. You must not reproduce, distribute, modify, create derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, republish, download, store, or transmit any of the material on our Website, except as follows:

  • Your computer may temporarily store copies of such material in RAM incidental to your accessing and viewing those materials.
  • You may store files that are automatically cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes.
  • You may print or download one copy of a reasonable number of pages of the Website for your own personal, non-commercial use and not for further reproduction, publication or distribution.
  • If we provide social media features with certain content, you may take such actions as are enabled by such features.

You must not:


  • Modify copies of any materials from this site.
  • Delete or alter any of the copyright, trademark, or other proprietary rights notices from copies of materials from this site.

You must not access or use for any commercial purposes any part of the website or any services or materials available through the Website.

If you print, copy, modify, download, or otherwise use or provide any other person with access to any part of the Website in breach of the Terms of Service, your right to use the Website will stop immediately and you must, at our option, return or destroy any copies of the materials you have made. No right, title, or interest in or to the Website or any content on the Website is transferred to you, and all rights not expressly granted are reserved by the Company. Any use of the Website not expressly permitted by these Terms of Service is a breach of these Terms of Service and may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws.

User Submissions and Submission Standards


The Website may provide you with the opportunity to create, submit, post, display, transmit, public, distribute, or broadcast content and materials to us or in the Website, including but not limited to text, writings, video, audio, photographs, graphics, comments, ratings, reviews, feedback, or personal information or other material (collectively, "Content"). You are responsible for your use of the Website and for any content you provide, including compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations.

All User Submissions must comply with the Submission Standards and Prohibited Activities set out in these Terms of Service.

Any User Submissions you post to the Website will be considered non-confidential and non-proprietary. By submitting, posting, or displaying content on or through the Website, you grant us a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use, copy, reproduce, process, disclose, adapt, modify, publish, transmit, display and distribute such Content for any purpose, commercial advertising, or otherwise, and to prepare derivative works of, or incorporate in other works, such as Content, and grant and authorize sublicenses of the foregoing. The use and distribution may occur in any media format and through any media channels.

You represent and warrant that:


  • You own or control all rights in and to the User Submissions and have the right to grant the license granted above to us and our affiliates and service providers, and each of their and our respective licensees, successors, and assigns.
  • All of your User Submissions comply with these Terms of Service.

We do not assert any ownership over your Content. You retain full ownership of all of your Content and any intellectual property rights or other proprietary rights associated with your Content. We are not liable for any statement or representations in your Content provided by you in any area in the Website. You are solely responsible for your Content related to the Website and you expressly agree to exonerate us from any and all responsibility and to refrain from any legal action against us regarding your Content. We are not responsible or liable to any third party for the content or accuracy of any User Submissions posted by you or any other user of the Website. User Submissions are not endorsed by us and do not necessarily represent our opinions or the view of any of our affiliates or partners. We do not assume liability for any User Submission or for any claims, liabilities, or losses resulting from any review.

We have the right, in our sole and absolute discretion, (1) to edit, redact, or otherwise change any Content; (2) to recategorize any Content to place them in more appropriate locations in the Website; and (3) to prescreen or delete any Content at any time and for any reason, without notice. We have no obligation to monitor your Content. Any use of the Website in violation of these Terms of Service may result in, among other things, termination or suspension of your right to use the Website.

These Submission Standards apply to any and all User Submissions. User Submissions must in their entirety comply with all the applicable federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations. Without limiting the foregoing, User Submissions must not:

  • Contain any material that is defamatory, obscene, indecent, abusive, offensive, misleading, harassing, violent, hateful, inflammatory, or otherwise objectionable.
  • Promote sexually explicit or pornographic material, violence, or discrimination based on race, sex, religion, nationality, disability, sexual orientation, or age.
  • Infringe any patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright, or other intellectual property or other rights of any other person.
  • Violate the legal rights of others or contain any material that could give rise to any civil or criminal liability under applicable laws or regulations or that otherwise may be in conflict with these terms of service and our Privacy Policy.
  • Be likely to deceive any person.
  • Promote any illegal activity, or advocate, promote, or assist in any unlawful act.
  • Cause annoyance, inconvenience, or needless anxiety or be likely to upset, embarrass, alarm, or annoy any other person.
  • Impersonate any person, or misrepresent your identity or affiliation with any person or organization.
  • Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes, and other sales promotions, barter, or advertising.
  • Give the impression that they emanate from or are endorsed by us or any other person or entity, if this is not the case.

Our Rights


We have the right, without provision of notice to:

  • Remove or refuse to post any User Submission for any or no reason in our sole discretion;
  • Take any action with respect to any User Submission that we deem necessary or appropriate in our sole discretion, including if we believe that such User Submission violates the Terms of Service, including the Submission Standards, infringes any intellectual property right or other right of any person or entity, threatens the personal safety of users of the Website or the public, or could create liability for the Company;
  • Take appropriate legal action, including, without limitation, referral to or cooperation with law enforcement or regulatory authorities, or notifying the harmed party of any illegal or unauthorized use of the Website; and
  • Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including, without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Service.

You waive and hold harmless company and its parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, and their respective directors, officers, employees, agents, service providers, contractors, licensors, licensees, suppliers, and successors from any and all claims resulting from any action taken by the company and any of the foregoing parties relating to any, investigations by either the company or by law enforcement authorities.

Third Party Links and Sites


For your convenience, this Website may provide links or pointers to third-party sites or third-party content. We make no representations about any other websites or third-party content that may be accessed from this Website. If you choose to access any such sites, you do so at your own risk. We have no control over the third-party content or any such third-party sites and accept no responsibility for such sites or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. You are subject to any terms and conditions of such third-party sites.

Social Media Features


This Website may provide certain social media features that enable you to:

  • Link from your own or certain third-party websites to certain content on this Website.
  • Send emails or other communications with certain content, or links to certain content, on this Website.
  • Cause limited portions of content on this Website to be displayed or appear to be displayed on your own or certain third-party websites.

You may use these features solely as they are provided by us and solely with respect to the content they are displayed with. Subject to the foregoing, you must not:

  • Establish a link from any website that is not owned by you.
  • Cause the Website or portions of it to be displayed on, or appear to be displayed by, any other site, for example, framing, deep linking, or in-line linking.
  • Link to any part of the Website other than the homepage.
  • Otherwise take any action with respect to the materials on this Website that is inconsistent with any other provision of these Terms of Use.

The Website from which you are linking, or on which you make certain content accessible, must comply in all respects with the Submission Standards set out in these Terms of Service.

You agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to stop.
We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice.
We may disable all or any social media features and any links at any time without notice in our discretion.

Disclaimers, Liability and Indemnification


You understand and agree that your use of the website, its content, and any goods, digital products, services, information or items found or attained through the website is at your own risk. The website, its content, and any goods, services, digital products, information or items found or attained through the website are provided on an "as is" and "as available" basis, without any warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. The foregoing does not affect any warranties that cannot be excluded or limited under applicable law.

You acknowledge and agree that company or its respective directors, officers, employees, agents, service providers, contractors, licensors, licensees, suppliers, or successors make no warranty, representation, or endorsement with respect to the completeness, security, reliability, suitability, accuracy, currency, or availability of the website or its contents or that any goods, services, digital products, information or items found or attained through the website will be accurate, reliable, error-free, or uninterrupted, that defects will be corrected, that our website or the server that makes it available or content are free of viruses or other harmful components or destructive code.

How We Limit Our Liability to You


Except where such exclusions are prohibited by law, in no event shall the company nor its respective directors, officers, employees, agents, service providers, contractors, licensors, licensees, suppliers, or successors be liable under these terms of service to you or any third-party for any consequential, indirect, incidental, exemplary, special, or punitive damages whatsoever, including any damages for business interruption, loss of use, data, revenue or profit, cost of capital, loss of business opportunity, loss of goodwill, whether arising out of breach of contract, tort (including negligence), any other theory of liability, or otherwise, regardless of whether such damages were foreseeable and whether or not the company was advised of the possibility of such damages.

Indemnification


To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, you agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless Company, its parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, and their respective directors, officers, employees, agents, service providers, contractors, licensors, suppliers, successors, and assigns from and against any claims, liabilities, damages, judgments, awards, losses, costs, expenses, or fees (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of or relating to your breach of these Terms of Service or your use of the Website including, but not limited to, third-party sites and content, any use of the Website's content and services other than as expressly authorized in these Terms of Service or any use of any goods, digital products and information purchased from this Website.

Dispute Resolution


At Company’s sole discretion, it may require you to submit any disputes arising from these Terms of Service or use of the Website, including disputes arising from or concerning their interpretation, violation, invalidity, non-performance, or termination, to final and binding arbitration under the Rules of Arbitration of the American Arbitration Association applying Ontario law. (If multiple jurisdictions, under applicable laws).

Any cause of action or claim you may have arising out of or relating to these terms of use or the website must be commenced within 1 year(s) after the cause of action accrues; otherwise, such cause of action or claim is permanently barred.

Privacy Policy


Your provision of personal information through the Website is governed by our privacy policy located at the "Privacy Policy".

Governing Law


The Website and these Terms of Service will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Province of Ontario and any applicable federal laws applicable therein, without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision, principle, or rule and notwithstanding your domicile, residence, or physical location. Any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Website and/or under these Terms of Service will be instituted in the courts of the Province of Ontario, and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such action or proceeding. You waive any and all objections to the exercise of jurisdiction over you by such courts and to the venue of such courts.

If you are a citizen of any European Union country or Switzerland, Norway or Iceland, the governing law and forum shall be the laws and courts of your usual place of residence.

The parties agree that the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods will not govern these Terms of Service or the rights and obligations of the parties under these Terms of Service.

Severability


If any provision of these Terms of Service is illegal or unenforceable under applicable law, the remainder of the provision will be amended to achieve as closely as possible the effect of the original term and all other provisions of these Terms of Service will continue in full force and effect.

Entire Terms of Service


These Terms of Service constitute the entire and only Terms of Service between the parties in relation to its subject matter and replaces and extinguishes all prior or simultaneous Terms of Services, undertakings, arrangements, understandings or statements of any nature made by the parties or any of them whether oral or written (and, if written, whether or not in draft form) with respect to such subject matter. Each of the parties acknowledges that they are not relying on any statements, warranties or representations given or made by any of them in relation to the subject matter of these Terms of Service, save those expressly set out in these Terms of Service, and that they shall have no rights or remedies with respect to such subject matter otherwise than under these Terms of Service save to the extent that they arise out of the fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation of another party. No variation of these Terms of Service shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by or on behalf of Company.

Waiver


No failure to exercise, and no delay in exercising, on the part of either party, any right or any power hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right or power hereunder preclude further exercise of that or any other right hereunder.

Notice


We may provide any notice to you under these Terms of Service by: (i) sending a message to the email address you provide to us and consent to us using; or (ii) by posting to the Website. Notices sent by email will be effective when we send the email and notices we provide by posting will be effective upon posting. It is your responsibility to keep your email address current.

To give us notice under these Terms of Service, you must contact us as follows: (i) by personal delivery, overnight courier or registered or certified mail to Scry Analytics Inc. 2635 North 1st Street, Suite 200 San Jose, CA 95134, USA. We may update the address for notices to us by posting a notice on this Website. Notices provided by personal delivery will be effective immediately once personally received by an authorized representative of Company. Notices provided by overnight courier or registered or certified mail will be effective once received and where confirmation has been provided to evidence the receipt of the notice.

Contact Us


To request a copy for your information, unsubscribe from our email list, request for your data to be deleted, or ask a question about your data privacy, we've made the process simple:

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